Anthropomorphised warlike beings with horned helmets: Bronze Age Scandinavia, Sardinia, and Iberia compared

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract Horned-helmet imagery continues to raise questions about what is local and global in Bronze Age Europe. How similar the found on Sardinia, southwestern Iberia southern Scandinavia material appearance, medium of representation, sociocultural setting? Does it occur at same point time? spring from or transmit a shared idea? Analysis reveals intriguing patterns similarity difference between three zones horned-helmet 1000–750 BC. The results actors processes level while also pinpointing interconnections. Across all contexts, horns signify potency helmet wearer, quintessential warrior. Horns visualise defined group bellicose beings whose significance stems commemorative mortuary rites, sites, beliefs – conjunction with political processes. We suggest that eye-catching very particular males wearing horned insignia relates one hand control metals other transfer novel cults involving embodied gigantisation. It characteristic figure adapted into some settings, but only sparingly not others. This has complex history, Levantine roots LBA Mediterranean. Scandinavian addendum network coincides metal-led Phoenician expansion consolidation west c. 1000 A Mediterranean–Atlantic sea route suggested, independent otherwise flourishing transalpine trading route.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Praehistorische Zeitschrift

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1613-0804', '0079-4848']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2012